{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5290K (1T02TX0NL0) Toner Cartridge, Black

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~13000 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS P7240cdn

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5380M (1T02Z0BNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~10000 pages Color: Magenta Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS MA4000cifx Kyocera ECOSYS MA4000cix...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8555Y (1T02XCANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5430Y (1T0C0AANL1) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Yield: ~1250 pages Kyocera ECOSYS MA2100 Series Kyocera ECOSYS MA2100cfx Kyocera ECOSYS MA2100cwfx Kyocera ECOSYS PA2100 Series Kyocera ECOSYS PA2100cwx Kyocera ECOSYS PA2100cx Kyocera MA2100 Series Kyocera MA2100cfx Kyo...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-540Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting on t...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8365M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-895Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Microfine toner cyan, magenta, yellow for 6,000 pages A4 in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-895M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Microfine toner cyan, magenta, yellow for 6,000 pages A4 in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8305K Toner Cartridge, Black

Related products: TASKalfa 3050ci, TASKalfa 3550ci, TASKalfa 3051ci, TASKalfa 3551ci

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3110 Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8115K Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner black for 12000 pages A4, Capacity of starter toner is black 3,000 pages, Average continuous toner yield in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8115M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Microfine toner magenta for 6000 A4 pages/ Capacity of starter toner is magenta 1,500 pages. Average continuous toner yield in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5220K Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5220M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Toner-Kit Magenta

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5220C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8335K Toner Cartridge, Black

Toner black for 25,000 pages. Average continuous toner yield in accordance with 5 % coverage (A4)

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3060 Toner Cartridge, Black

Kyocera's reliable, user-friendly digital imaging technology bridges the gap between paper and electronic communications. Kyocera's printer consumables offer the value you look for delivering printing solutions that sati...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5430C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5290Y (1T02TXANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~13000 pages Color: Yellow Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS P7240cdn

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5345Y (1T02ZLANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Suitable for use in:   Kyocera TASKalfa 352ci  

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3430 Toner Cartridge, Black

Manufacturer: KYOCERA Manufacture Type: Original Yield: 25000 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera PA 5500 x, Kyocera ECOSYS PA 5500 x

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1248 (1T02Y80NL0) toner cartridge, Black (1500 pages)

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8555C (1T02XCCNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~24000 pages Color: Cyan Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera TASKalfa 5054ci Kyocera TASKalfa 6054ci Kyocer...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5315Y (1T02WHANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5315M (1T02WHBNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8555M (1T02XCBNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-450 Toner Cartridge, Black

Toner-Kit Black for Kyocera FS-6970DN. 15000 pages

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-895K Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner black for 12,000 pages A4 in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-590M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA MITA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8305M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Kyocera's reliable, user-friendly digital imaging technology bridges the gap between paper and electronic communications. Kyocera's printer consumables offer the value you look for delivering printing solutions that sati...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-170 Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA MITA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1115 Toner Cartridge, Black

The Kyocera brand symbol is composed of a corporate mark and our corporate logotype. The mark represents the initial “K” (for Kyocera) encircling a “C” (for ceramics). It was introduced in October 1982 when the company n...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1125 Toner Cartridge, Black

The Kyocera brand symbol is composed of a corporate mark and our corporate logotype. The mark represents the initial “K” (for Kyocera) encircling a “C” (for ceramics). It was introduced in October 1982 when the company n...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5150C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5215K Toner Cartridge, Black

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5230Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5230C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8375M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8375C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5205C (1T02R5CNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Suitable for use in: Kyocera TASKalfa 356ci Kyocera TASKalfa 358ci

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-6345 (1T02XF0NL0) Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5140C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3160 Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3150 Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5315C (1T02WHCNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-570C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Microfine toner cyan for 12000 pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-6705 Toner Cartridge, Black

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1130 Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner for 3,000 pages A4 in accordance with ISO/IEC 19752. Capacity of starter toner is 1,000 pages A4

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8315M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting on t...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8515Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8515M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

The Kyocera brand symbol is composed of a corporate mark and our corporate logotype. The mark represents the initial “K” (for Kyocera) encircling a “C” (for ceramics). It was introduced in October 1982 when the company n...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5215M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8545M (1T02YMBNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8545C (1T02YMCNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5440Y (1T0C0AANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~2400 pages Color: Yellow Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100 Series Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5440M (1T0C0ABNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~2400 pages Color: Magenta Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100 Series Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5440C (1T0C0ACNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~2400 pages Color: Cyan Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100 Series Kyocera ECOSYS MA 2100 cf...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8365Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-6305 Toner Cartridge, Black

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-6325 Toner Cartridge, Black

Kyocera, characterized by originality and high quality, constantly creates new value to facilitate human progress. Kyocera pursues excellence while adhering to universal principles. We develop unique technologies and app...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5215Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5215C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3100 Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner for 12500 pages A4. Capacity of starter toner is 6,000 pages A4, Average continuous toner yield in accordance with ISO/IEC 19752

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1150 Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5390K (1T02Z10NL0) Toner Cartridge, Black

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~18000 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA4500cx

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5390M (1T02Z1BNL0) Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~13000 pages Color: Magenta Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA4500cx

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5390C (1T02Z1CNL0) Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~13000 pages Color: Cyan Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA4500cx

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5390Y (1T02Z1ANL0) Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~13000 pages Color: Yellow Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA4500cx

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3190 Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner for 25,000 pages A4.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-710 (EU) Toner Cartridge, Black

TK-710 Toner-Kit Black.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1160 Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-475 Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner black for 15,000 pages A4 in accordance with ISO/IEC 19752

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8325C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting on t...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5240C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8505Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting on t...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5405K Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5405Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5405M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Kyocera's reliable, user-friendly digital imaging technology bridges the gap between paper and electronic communications. Kyocera's printer consumables offer the value you look for delivering printing solutions that sati...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5405C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Microfine toner cyan for 10,000 pages A4, 5% coverage. Starter toner: 5,000 pages A4.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-540M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

For optimum performance we recommend genuine KYOCERA toner, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey background or ghosting on t...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-580K Toner Cartridge, Black

Average continuous black toner yield 3,500 pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798 Starter toner: Average continuous black toner yield 1,200 pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-580C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Average continuous cyan toner yield 2,800 pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798 Starter toner: Average continuous cyan toner yield 1,200 pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-3400 (1T0C0Y0NL0) Toner Cartridge, Black

Manufacturer: KYOCERA Manufacture Type: Original Yield: 12500 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA 4500 x, Kyocera PA 4500 x

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5370K (1T02YJ0NL0) Toner Cartridge, Black

Manufacturer: Kyocera Manufacture Type: Original Yield: ~7000 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity per pack: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA3500cx Kyocera ECOSYS MA3500cix Kyoce...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8365C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-6115 Toner Cartridge, Black

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5220Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

Toner-Kit Yellow

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-1170 Toner Cartridge, Black

- Toner-Kit - Capacity Black 7,200 Pages - C02 Toner 7.2 Kg

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8375K Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-570K Toner Cartridge, Black

Microfine toner for 12000 b/w-pages ISO/IEC 19798.

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-570M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

Microfine toner magenta for 12000 pages ISO/IEC 19798

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8515C Toner Cartridge, Cyan

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5240Y Toner Cartridge, Yellow

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...

{per_month}{months} мес..

KYOCERA TK-3440 (1T0C0T0NL0) toner cartridge, Black (40000 pages)

Manufacturer: KYOCERA Manufacture Type: Original Yield: 40000 pages Color: Black Printing technology: Laser printing Quantity: 1 pc Suitable Printer Models: Kyocera ECOSYS PA 6000 x, Kyocera PA 6000 x

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-8365K Toner Cartridge, Black

Excellent image quality offered by advanced toner and colour technology. Increased productivity due higher printer reliability. Maximum printer life and full guarantee protection. Environmental standard compliance and le...

{per_month}{months} мес..

Kyocera TK-5230M Toner Cartridge, Magenta

For optimum performance we recommend genuine toner by KYOCERA Document Solutions, which is specially designed for your printer. Toner particles of the incorrect size can lead to poor print quality with streaky grey backg...